Genetics

Understanding the jargon is a very Important issue in the field of genetics. In this article, I attempt to explain some basic terms Furniture are indispensable in the field of genetic Betta. DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, ie, the genetic material within every living thing. gene: a single the genetic (ie DNA) transfer of genetic information from parents to children. chain chromosome (chromosome): chain link genes in the nucleus of cells. Chromosomes its contain DNA and protein. All chromosomes exist as a pair. genotype (genotype): the genetics of a living thing, or genome. phenotype (phenotype): the morphological characteristics of a living thing be regulated by genetic Factors (genes). Allele (allele) as well as genes. Each chromosome has a copy, or allele itself. homozygous (homozygous): Furniture is a living thing has two identical alleles at a location on the chromosome. Determined by genes Characteristics That Are Considered to be "pure" (breed true). heterozygous (heterozygous) is a living thing Different Furniture has two alleles at a location on the chromosome. dominant gene (dominant): the case of heterozygosity, allele (or gene) is Expressed externally. In the chart gene, the dominant gene will be Expressed in uppercase.recessive gene (recessive): the case of heterozygosity, alleles (or genes) is overwhelmed and can not vẻ outside. In the chart genes, recessive genes are shown in lowercase.Genes neutral (intermediate): the case of heterozygosity, alleles (or genes) are not completely overwhelmed. You may have seen this gene. For example, gene crowntails (crown tail) and DT (double tail.) - Fish crowntails only one allele (ct) (in most cases) there are always rays extended. - DT Fish only one allele (dt) (in most cases) are wide and tall dorsal fin. According to me These are the basics ... and here is an example of hair color in Humans is Associated allele: Brown hair is a dominant trait. But how can parents born baby brown hair to blonde? - Alen "brown hair" is the dominant gene is denoted by "B". - Alen "blond gene is denoted by" b ". Question replied as sau: Furniture remember all alleles exist as a pair and parents heterozygous allele pairs of colors. Furniture This Means Both parents have a recessive blond (" b ") besides brown hair dominant gene ("B"), or "Bb." The best way to do this is to use a frame chart: Note: percentage of parents of children with heterozygous gene "Bb" as sau: 25% homozygous brown hair ("BB "), 50% heterozygous brown hair (" Bb ") and 25% homozygous blond (" bb "). few basic Principles of gene combinations: - When parents do not have blood ties together the offspring is born Called F1 (first generation ie .) - together generate F1 generation F2 generation (ie second generation.) - F2 generation born together F3 generation (ie, third generation.) And just like that ... continued inbreeding Mating may last, but the F8 generation offspring recruited to be extremely careful to avoid defects.So we must occasionally outcross (with no individual kinship) to cải gene. When an individual (of any generation yet) Distant future, the offspring are the F1 generation.inbreeding, selective breeding and Distant future to be able and to create good quality betta fish, breeding many Different rules apply. Inbreeding, selective breeding and outcrossing plays an Important role in thiết lập a line of quality fish. Lai inbreeding (inbreeding): hybrids between members of the same blood, usually between father x daughter , mother x son, and between brothers. selective breeding (line breeding): hybrids between very Closely related cá, ​​usually between uncle and niece x between the cousins ​​together. Lai far (crossing out): These hybrids between two strains are not related by blood. effects of inbreeding? Inbreeding increases the Possibility of dissimilar pairs of genes inherited from ancestors. It tends to generate homozygous gene. Remember Furniture each animal's genes are a pair of alleles (say đúng, there are two alleles at each position on the chromosome), each allele from parents. Unfortunately, we can not just choose all the desirable genes Because genes linked together in groups ... Remember real, while inbreeding to reinforce the desired characteristics, we can degrade am also of good genes and gene Consolidate They will not some good có trong the breeding process. An example illustrating this is the inbred laboratory mice. Inbreeding most gỡ process den12 mice after 8 generations Because They grow slow and difficult training (stunted). The line forms to survive inbreeding laboratory mice . Individuals homozygous for this gene formed by random selection from a pair of individual first. outcross Why? Theo Experiments on inbreeding, inbreeding can generally be done the F8 generation. In most cases, this period is very low breeding success rate. When we apply this Principle to the betta, deeply inbred strains can Make your desired appearance characteristics do not: Flat fish, grow slowly, not pulse, difficulty breeding, nest not, do not know how to roll the reproductive females get ... That's why we need to outcross (ie consanguinity Individuals with unrelated healthy blood) to assist current and fast Growing healthy fish. When Selecting Candidates for outcrossing, breeders quyết Which Candidates must always have the desired characteristics or access to cải blood line. Of course, there are am also Risks as far as future breeders could ruin his fishing line has painstakingly bred. Breeder flocks often Do bring bloodlines combined with its line of inbreeding. Not Distant future the addition of healthy blood flow and improved strain Furniture limited the generation of undesirable characteristics.